Circuits of architecture and urban planning: Professional ethos and the internationalization of small architectural offices

Although the production of built environment is increasingly globalized, and architecture urban planning (AUP) professionals are known to be key carriers mobile ideas, internationalization small owner-centred architectural offices has gained little academic attention, compared large consultancies that dominate global market. We bring together literature on circuits international movement AUP firms professional ethoses explore offices. Using interview data from Finnish offices, we investigate ‘what, where, why how’ find they have entered specific geographically delimited demarcated by type project. contribute identifying motives characteristic guided suited where internationalize. Their may evolve in time space, as operate new circuits. propose ethos–circuit coherence successful The findings open avenues for further research ethos not only architects but also other internationally operating professionals, it guide their decisions than a narrowly conceived profit motive.